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Bosporus Water Tunnel
The Bosphorus Water Tunnel ((トルコ語:Boğaziçi Su Tüneli)) is an under sea waterway tunnel in Istanbul, Turkey, crossing the Bosphorus strait. It was constructed in 2012 to transfer water from the Melen Creek in Düzce Province to the European side of Istanbul.〔(CNN Türk: "Melen hattı Boğaz'ı geçti" (21-05-2012) )〕
The infrastructure, built by the Ministry of Forest and Water Management, is under the sea level, resisting a pressure of . It is a steel tube of in diameter, which is inside a hard-rock type tunnel of in diameter, bored with high-technology machinery. Situated between Ortaçeşme (Beykoz) and Derbent (Sarıyer) under the Bosphorus, the long waterway tunnel has a water flow rate of .
Being the first stage of the Melen System that cost 2 billion TL, the waterway tunnel was constructed in 1,756 days (advancing each day) and completed on May 19, 2012 without any accident. It will transfer a daily rate of 2.8 million m3 of water, which is two and half times higher than Istanbul's current water consumption. The Melen System will bring the water of the Melen Creek in Düzce Province from a distance of , and will ensure the needed water supply for Greater Istanbul until the 2060s.〔
==See also ==
* Water supply and sanitation in Istanbul
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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